Creation of a gene selection method using a Ste13-Cps1 construct in S. cerevisiae [abstract]

Abstract only availableFaculty Mentor: Dr. Steven Notwehr, Biological SciencesThe trans-Golgi network (TGN) reporter protein A-ALP, which is composed of the luminal (LD) and transmembrane domain (TMD) of TGN resident protein ALP fused to the cytosolic domain (CD) of Ste13, allows us to detect its arrival to the vacuole and therefore its rate of processing in S. cerevisiae. A-ALP is useful in gene screenings, being cleaved at a C-terminal site by a pep4 dependent carboxypeptidase in the vacuole, enabling detection for an assortment of mutations in the CD region. Alternatively, the Cps1 gene codes for the vacuolar enzyme, carboxypeptidase yscS; this cleaves the substrate CBZ-Gly-Leu. This mechanism allows for the leucine auxitrophic Cps1 strain to grow without the presence of any other leucine source, making it a good strategy for a gene selection, allowing identification for specific mutations. A Ste13(CD +TMD)-Cps1(LD) reporter construct was made to see if it would behave in the same manner and remains inactive until reaching the vacuole. For comparison, four derivatives of this strain were made with mutations in the Ste13 region with known processing rates when using A-ALP, verified by DNA sequencing. Western blotting was used to assess the expression and steady state processing of each protein. To ensure the proteins could not be processed prior to reaching the vacuole, the strains were grown up on plates with the CBZ-Gly-Leu substrate. An imunoprecipitation experiment will now be done to show processing by using radioisotope markers and to determine a half-time to determine the functional ability of each Ste13-Cps1 construct

Phase Transition for Glauber Dynamics for Independent Sets on Regular Trees

We study the effect of boundary conditions on the relaxation time of the Glauber dynamics for the hard-core model on the tree. The hard-core model is defined on the set of independent sets weighted by a parameter $\lambda$, called the activity. The Glauber dynamics is the Markov chain that updates a randomly chosen vertex in each step. On the infinite tree with branching factor $b$, the hard-core model can be equivalently defined as a broadcasting process with a parameter $\omega$ which is the positive solution to $\lambda=\omega(1+\omega)^b$, and vertices are occupied with probability $\omega/(1+\omega)$ when their parent is unoccupied. This broadcasting process undergoes a phase transition between the so-called reconstruction and non-reconstruction regions at $\omega_r\approx \ln{b}/b$. Reconstruction has been of considerable interest recently since it appears to be intimately connected to the efficiency of local algorithms on locally tree-like graphs, such as sparse random graphs. In this paper we show that the relaxation time of the Glauber dynamics on regular $b$-ary trees $T_h$ of height $h$ and $n$ vertices, undergoes a phase transition around the reconstruction threshold. In particular, we construct a boundary condition for which the relaxation time slows down at the reconstruction threshold. More precisely, for any $\omega \le \ln{b}/b$, for $T_h$ with any boundary condition, the relaxation time is $\Omega(n)$ and $O(n^{1+o_b(1)})$. In contrast, above the reconstruction threshold we show that for every $\delta>0$, for $\omega=(1+\delta)\ln{b}/b$, the relaxation time on $T_h$ with any boundary condition is $O(n^{1+\delta + o_b(1)})$, and we construct a boundary condition where the relaxation time is $\Omega(n^{1+\delta/2 - o_b(1)})$

Political risk and corporate investment decisions

This paper analyzes the different definitions and expressions of political risk and proposes a broad and more inclusive definition regarding its origins and effects. Regarding the effects of political risk on corporate investment decisions, this paper shows the multitude of ways by which the different expressions of political risk may influence both positively and negatively the value of investment opportunities and the decisions of firms to invest. Finally, it proposes different lines of research addressing some of the weaknesses identified in the existing literatureCorreia acknowledges research support from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Proyecto - MCI ECO2009-12551

KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE SNATCH TECHNIQUE OF COLOMBIAN 62 KG DIVISION WEIGHTLIFTERS PARTICIPATING IN THE 52nd NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP, "CARTAGENA 2014"

The purpose of this study was to identify the behaviour of some kinematic lineal variables during the execution of the snatch of the Colombian 62 kg division weightlifters participating in the 52nd National Championship in Cartagena in 2014, to recognize the movement patterns in this population, to identify the principal values of velocity peaks, the percentage of the height reached by the bar at its maximal point in relation to the weightlifter’s height, the relationship between the time of execution and the maximal peak of 3D velocity. All of the lifts, 100%, were analyzed of which 56% (n32) were valid

VianniaTopes: a database of predicted immunogenic peptides for Leishmania (Viannia) species

Leishmania is a protozoan parasite causing several disease presentations collectively known as leishmaniasis. Pathogenic species of Leishmania are divided into two subgenera, L. (Leishmania) and L. (Viannia). Species belonging to the Viannia subgenus have only been reported in Central and South America. These species predominantly cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, but in some cases, parasites can migrate to the nasopharyngeal area and cause a highly disfiguring mucocutaneous presentation. Despite intensive efforts, no effective antileishmanial vaccine is available for use in humans, although a few candidates mainly designed for L. (Leishmania) species are now in clinical trials. After sequencing the genome of Leishmania panamensis, we noticed a high degree of sequence divergence among several orthologous proteins from both subgenera. Consequently, some of the previously published candidates may not work properly for species of the Viannia subgenus. To help in vaccine design, we predicted CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes in the theoretical proteomes of four strains belonging to the Viannia subgenus. Prediction was performed with at least two independent bioinformatics tools, using the most frequent human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II alleles in the affected geographic area. Although predictions resulted in millions of peptides, relatively few of them were predicted to bind to several MHC alleles and can therefore be considered promiscuous epitopes. Comparison of our results to previous applications to species of the Leishmania subgenus confirmed that approximately half of the reported candidates are not present in Viannia proteins with a threshold of 80% sequence similarity and coverage. However, our prediction methodology was able to predict 70–100% of the candidates that could be found in Viannia. All the prediction data generated in this study are publicly available in an interactive database called VianniaTopes.Leishmania is a protozoan parasite causing several disease presentations collectively known as leishmaniasis. Pathogenic species of Leishmania are divided into two subgenera, L. (Leishmania) and L. (Viannia). Species belonging to the Viannia subgenus have only been reported in Central and South America. These species predominantly cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, but in some cases, parasites can migrate to the nasopharyngeal area and cause a highly disfiguring mucocutaneous presentation. Despite intensive efforts, no effective antileishmanial vaccine is available for use in humans, although a few candidates mainly designed for L. (Leishmania) species are now in clinical trials. After sequencing the genome of Leishmania panamensis, we noticed a high degree of sequence divergence among several orthologous proteins from both subgenera. Consequently, some of the previously published candidates may not work properly for species of the Viannia subgenus. To help in vaccine design, we predicted CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes in the theoretical proteomes of four strains belonging to the Viannia subgenus. Prediction was performed with at least two independent bioinformatics tools, using the most frequent human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II alleles in the affected geographic area. Although predictions resulted in millions of peptides, relatively few of them were predicted to bind to several MHC alleles and can therefore be considered promiscuous epitopes. Comparison of our results to previous applications to species of the Leishmania subgenus confirmed that approximately half of the reported candidates are not present in Viannia proteins with a threshold of 80% sequence similarity and coverage. However, our prediction methodology was able to predict 70–100% of the candidates that could be found in Viannia. All the prediction data generated in this study are publicly available in an interactive database called VianniaTopes

Deterministic ground motion simulations with shallow crust nonlinearity at Garner Valley in Southern California

We present deterministic ground motion simulations that account for the cyclic multiaxial response of sediments in the shallow crust. We use the Garner Valley in Southern California as a test case. The multiaxial constitutive model is based on the bounding surface plasticity theory in terms of total stress and is implemented in a high‐performance computing finite‐element parallel code. A major advantage of this model is the small number of free parameters that need to be calibrated given a shear modulus reduction curve and the ultimate soil strength. This, in turn, makes the model suitable for regional‐scale simulations, where geotechnical data in the shallow crust are scarce. In this paper, we first describe a series of numerical experiments designed to verify the model implementation. This is followed by a series of idealized large‐scale simulations in a 35 x 26 x 4.5 km³ domain that encompasses the Garner Valley downhole array site, which is an instrumented and well‐characterized site in Southern California. Material properties were extracted from the Southern California Earthquake Center Community velocity model, CVM‐S4.26, considering its optional geotechnical layer, while the modulus reduction curves and soil strength were selected empirically to constrain the nonlinear soil model parameters. Our nonlinear simulations suggest that peak ground displacements within the valley increase relative to the linear case, while peak ground accelerations can increase or decrease, depending on the frequency content of the excitation. The comparisons of our simulations against hybrid three‐dimensional–one‐dimensional site response analyses suggest the inadequacy of the latter to capture the complexity of fully three‐dimensional simulations

The Resource Curse Mirage: The Blessing of Resources and the Curse of Empire?

Auty (1993) and Sachs and Warner (1997) reignited the line of argument of the resource curse: the idea that natural resource wealth has negative net effects on the development of nations. However, the result has been found to be highly dependent on the types of variables used to represent natural resource wealth (Brunnschweiler, 2007) and similar questions can raised about variables used to represent being “cursed”. In this paper we pursue the hunt for better variables by looking at the relationship between average income from natural resources per person and a wide array of key development indicators: Adjusted National Net Income, GDP per capita, an aggregate of services and industrialized goods, inequality measured by the Gini index, Poverty, the Human Development Index, the Prosperity Index, the Social Progress Index and the Fragile State Index. We do this on a global scale between 1970 and 2010. On the contrary, we find that natural resource wealth is positively linked to development. We suggest, alternatively, that much of the actual cases where abundant natural resources hurt nations have been cases of common theft by tyrants, often backed by imperial powers

A liturgia: fonte e ápice da vida eclesial

Desde siempre, Dios tiene un proyecto de salvación que va realizando en la historia y que alcanza su momento culminante en la venida y actuación de Cristo (Cf. Ef 3,4.9). Por esto, la Sacrosanctum Concilium afirma: "Esta obra de redención humana y de la perfecta glorificación de Dios, preparada por las maravillas que Dios obró en el pueblo de la Antigua Alianza, Cristo la realizó principalmente por el misterio pascual de su bienaventurada Pasión, Resurrección de entre los muertos y gloriosa Ascensión. Por este misterio, con su Muerte destruyó nuestra muerte y con su Resurrección restauró nuestra vida. Pues del costado de Cristo dormido en la cruz nació el sacramento admirable de la Iglesia entera" (SC,5)